Cannabis, derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, contains over 540 chemical compounds, including cannabinoids like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). While cannabis and marijuana are often used interchangeably, marijuana specifically refers to cannabis plants with significant THC content, whereas industrial hemp contains minimal THC.
Several FDA-approved medications utilize cannabinoids for therapeutic purposes:
- Marinol and Syndros contain dronabinol, a synthetic THC, to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and to stimulate appetite in people with HIV/AIDS.
- Cesamet uses nabilone, a THC-like synthetic cannabinoid, for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
- Epidiolex, made from CBD, is approved for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Emerging evidence suggests cannabinoids may provide modest relief for chronic pain and symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, cannabis has shown limited efficacy in conditions like glaucoma.
Despite potential benefits, cannabis use is associated with health risks, including impaired cognitive and motor functions, and long-term effects remain under study. It is crucial for individuals considering cannabis-based therapies to consult healthcare providers for informed decision-making.